Linux 下源码编译安装 MariaDB 10 数据库

1 禁用 SELinux和NetworkManager

#关闭selinux 备份selinux config文件
[root@work232 ~]# \cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.backup
#把SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled
[root@work232 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
#查看selinux状态
[root@work232 ~]# getenforce
#临时生效
[root@work232 ~]# setenforce
[root@work232 ~]# service NetworkManager stop     #停止NetworkManager 服务
[root@work232 ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager off    #禁止开机启动NetworkManager服务

2 MariaDB 编译源码所需的工具和库

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel cmake perl

3 新增Mariadb用户组

[root@work232 /]# groupadd mysql

4 创建用户设置不允许登陆系统 -M不创建家目录,/dev/null 首先表示标准输出重定向到空设备文件

[root@work232 /]# useradd -M mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /dev/null -g mysql

5 新建Mariadb安装目录,并设置权限

[root@work232 /]# mkdir -p /webserver/mariadb56                      # MariaDB安装目录
[root@work232 /]# mkdir -p /data/logs/ mariadb56log                  # 日志目录        
[root@work232 /]# mkdir -p /data/binlog/mariadb56                    # 二进值目录
[root@work232 /]# mkdir -p /data/data_center/mariadb56               # 数据库安装目录
[root@work232 /]# mkdir -p /data/temp/mariadb56                      # 缓存目录
[root@work232 /]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/temp/mariadb56
[root@work232 /]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/binlog/mariadb56/
[root@work232 /]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/data_center/mariadb56

6 编译安装 jemalloc-4.5.0.tar.bz2

[root@work232 /]# wget https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/releases/download/4.5.0/jemalloc-4.5.0.tar.bz2 
[root@work232 /]# tar xjf jemalloc-4.5.0.tar.bz2
[root@work232 /]# cd jemalloc-4.5.0 
[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -lrt" ./configure
[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# unset LDFLAGS

7 注意: 64位系统用这个

[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libjemalloc.so.2 /usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1

8 注意: 32位系统用这个

[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libjemalloc.so.2 /usr/lib/libjemalloc.so.1

9 运行程序时可能会报找不到库将jemalloc的库加载到系统中

[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# echo '/usr/local/lib' >/etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf
[root@work232 jemalloc-4.5.0]# ldconfig

10 编译安装 libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz

[root@work232 /]# wget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.1.8-stable/libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz 
[root@work232 /]# tar zxvf libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz 
[root@work232 libevent-2.1.8-stable]# cd libevent-2.1.8-stable
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# ./configure
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# make -j 2 && make install

11 编译安装 tmux-2.3.tar.gz

[root@work232 /]# wget https://github.com/tmux/tmux/releases/download/2.3/tmux-2.3.tar.gz 
[root@work232 /]# tar zxvf tmux-2.3.tar.gz
[root@work232 /]# cd tmux-2.3
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib" ./configure
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# unset LDFLAGS
# 注意: 64位系统 用这个
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
# 注意: 32位系统 用这个
[root@work232 tmux-2.3]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5

12 下载 MariaDB 源码包并解压
#官网下载网址 https://downloads.mariadb.org/

[root@work232 /]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.0.30/source/mariadb-10.0.30.tar.gz
[root@work232 /]# tar zxvf mariadb-10.0.30.tar.gz
[root@work232 /]# cd mariadb-10.0.30

13 MariDB编译参数说明

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/webserver/mariadb56   #安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/binlog/mariadb56        #数据库文件存放位置
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc                             #my.cnf路径
 #下面5个是数据库存储引擎设备                         
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                #支持 MyIASM 存储引擎
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1              #支持 InnoDB 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1               #支持 ARCHIVE引擎
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1             #支持 BLACKHOLE引擎
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1             #安装支持数据库分区
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                #支持 Memory 存储引擎
-DWITH_ZLIB=system                            # 启用libz库支持（zib、gzib相关）
-DWITH_READLINE=1                             # 快捷键功能(我没用过)
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/temp/mariadb56/mysql_3306.sock #连接数据库socket路径
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306                         #端口
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                      #允许从本地导入数据
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                          #安装所有的字符集
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                        #默认字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci           #默认字符校对
-DINSTALL_SBINDIR=sbin                        #指向可执行文件目录（prefix/sbin）
-DINSTALL_PLUGINDIR=lib/mysql/plugin          #指向插件目录（prefix/lib/mysql/plugin）
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=share/man                    #指向man文档目录（prefix/share/man）
-DINSTALL_SHAREDIR=share                      #指向aclocal/mysqlm4安装目录（prefix/share
-DINSTALL_LIBDIR=lib/mysql                    #指向对象代码库目录（prefix/lib/mysql）
-DINSTALL_INCLUDEDIR=include/mysql            #指向头文件目录（prefix/include/mysql）
-DINSTALL_INFODIR=share/info                  #指向info文档存放目录（prefix/share/info）
-DWITH_DEBUG=0                                #调试模式
-DWITH_SSL=yes                                # SSL支持

14 开始编译安装 MariaDB 10.0.30

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/webserver/mariadb56  \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/data_center/mariadb56 \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DENABLED_PROFILING=ON \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS='-ljemalloc'          #这个是之前安装过的 jemalloc 优化内存
make -j 2 && make install                      #等半小时后或者更长,这个和电脑配置有关

15 建立开机启动配置文件

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# /bin/cp /webserver/mariadb56/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

16 修改启动文件安装路径

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# sed -i "s@^basedir=.*@basedir=/webserver/mariadb56@" /etc/init.d/mysqld

17 修改数据库数据路径

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# sed -i "s@^datadir=.*@datadir==/data/data_center/mariadb56@" /etc/init.d/mysqld

18 设置启动文件权限

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

19 添加开机启动

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# chkconfig mysqld on

20 生成配置文件 my.cnf

注意:下面配置可能有错,希望那位大神帮忙指点一下 QQ:2016571396,小白这里只能提供您参考一下~~!

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /webserver/mariadb56
datadir = /data/data_center/mariadb56
pid-file = /data/temp/mariadb56/mysql.pid
tmpdir = /data/temp/mariadb56
slave-load-tmpdir = /data/data_center/mariadb56
log_error = /data/logs/ mariadb56log/mariadb_error.log
#secure-file-priv = /webserver/mariadb56/uploads

#慢查询
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 2
log-queries-not-using-indexes
slow_query_log_file = /data/logs/ mariadb56log/mariadb_slow.log

log-slow-admin-statements = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
log-bin-trust-function-creators = 1

#init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
#character-set-server = utf8
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
symbolic-links = 0
#lower_case_table_names = 1
performance_schema = 0
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
#开启查询缓存
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

#消耗系统IO 内存等
#log-output = FILE
#general_log = off
#general_log_file = /data/logs/mariadb56log/general.log

##^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^主从同步相关设置开始^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^##
server-id = 10
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 1G
max-binlog-cache-size = 2G
max-relay-log-size = 1G
log_bin = /data/binlog/mariadb56/MariaDB-Bin
binlog_format = mixed
log_bin_index = /data/binlog/mariadb56/Binlog.index
expire_logs_days = 90

#skip-locking
#禁止外网
skip-networking
#禁止域名解析
skip-name-resolve
#skip-grant-tables
#禁止锁定
skip-external-locking
skip_show_database
skip_symbolic_links

back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
#表缓存数
table_open_cache = 128
binlog_cache_size = 1M
#最大表量
max_heap_table_size = 256M
tmp_table_size = 16M
#根据物理内存设置规则如下：1G=8 ; 2G=16; 3G=32; 3G>= =64
thread_cache_size = 8
open-files-limit=8192
#排序缓冲
sort_buffer_size=256M

#启动高速缓存
query_cache_type = 1
#查询缓存 很少有相同的查询，最好不要使用查询缓存
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M

flush_time = 0
#连续缓冲
join_buffer_size = 16M

group_concat_max_len=2048000
table_definition_cache = 1400

ft_min_word_len = 4
#预读缓冲
read_buffer_size = 2M
#次缓冲
read_rnd_buffer_size = 64M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 1MB
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
#索引缓冲 比较理想的设置：Key_blocks_used / (Key_blocks_unused + Key_blocks_used) * 100% ≈ 80%
key_buffer_size=64M

#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
#参数的配置在物理内存的70％－80％之间
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
#InnoDB 使用后台线程处理数据页上写 I/O（输入）请求的数量
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
#InnoDB 使用后台线程处理数据页上读 I/O（输出）请求的数量
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#日志缓冲池,控制在8M-16M即可
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
#InnoDB 日志文件的大小
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
#控制了 Dirty Page 在 Buffer Pool 中所占的比率
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
#缓冲区刷新到磁盘时，刷新脏页数量,ssd磁盘，或做了raid后，可将此值设置较大
innodb_io_capacity = 200
innodb_adaptive_flushing = OFF

innodb_autoextend_increment = 64
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 5000
innodb_old_blocks_time = 1000
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0

#*** MyISAM Specific options
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

#导入大的sql文件的方法
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
connect_timeout = 20
#单数据包
max_allowed_packet = 500M
#thread_concurrency = 8

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

21 建立初始化数据库,64位系统必须指定目录

[root@work232mariadb-10.0.30]#/webserver/mariadb56/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql--basedir=/webserver/mariadb56 --datadir=/data/data_center/mariadb56

22 设置 my.cnf 权限为 600 防止黑客攻击

[root@work232 mariadb]# chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf
[root@work232 mariadb]# chmod 600 /etc/my.cnf
[root@work232 mariadb]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/data_center/mariadb56

23 启动数据库服务

[root@work232 mariadb-10.0.30]# service mysqld start

24 设置MariaDB加入PATH路径环境变量

[root@work232 mariadb]# vim /etc/profile                    # 修改export PATH= 在最下面添加
export PATH=/webserver/mariadb/bin:$PATH            # 如果有多个路径请用 英文分号(;) 隔开
[root@work234 mariadb]# source /etc/profile                 # 使/etc/profile里的配置立即生效

25 修改MySQL用户root的密码

#删除默认 test数据库
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "drop database test;"
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "delete from mysql.user WHERE USER='root' AND HOST='::1';"
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "delete from mysql.user where Host='localhost' AND User='';"
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "delete from mysql.user where Host='$host' AND User='';"
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "update mysql.user set host='%' where host='$host' AND User='root';"

26 删除默认的数据库和用户

[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "delete from mysql.proxies_priv where Host!='localhost';"
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "delete from mysql.db where User='';"

27 修改 root 用户名为 fooher.com

[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "update mysql.user set user='www.fooher.com' where User='root';"
# 修改密码-127.0.0.1
[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to fooher.com @'127.0.0.1' identified by \"www.fooher.com\" with grant option;"

28 修改密码

[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to fooher.com@'localhost' identified by \"www.fooher.com\" with grant option;"

29 添加用户远程访问

[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to fooher.com@'%' identified by \"www.fooher.com\" with grant option;"

30 刷新数据库

[root@work232 mariadb] mysql -uroot -e "flush privileges;"

31 删除默认测试数据库文件

[root@work232 mariadb] rm -rf "/webserver/mariadb56/data"
[root@work232 mariadb] rm -rf "/webserver/mariadb56/mysql-test"

32 添加 MariaDB 到系统库中

[root@work232 mariadb] "/webserver/mariadb56/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb.conf
[root@work232 mariadb] ldconfig    #刷新动态库配置
[root@work234 mariadb]# reboot     # 最好重启一下系统

到此 MariaDB 数据库安装完成 By 运维天涯